GLP-1 medications used for weight loss can lead to muscle mass reduction - but is this cause for concern, and what can you do to minimise it? In this article, we’ll help you explore the current understanding of this relationship, its implications for you if you are taking a GLP-1 medication, and also some strategies to help you preserve muscle as you undergo this treatment.
The Relationship Between GLP-1 and Muscle Loss
Research indicates that muscle loss during GLP-1 treatment is generally proportional to overall weight loss [1], with lean mass reductions typically ranging from 15% to 60% of total weight lost.
This variation depends on multiple factors, including individual characteristics and treatment protocols [1][2].
Studies have shown that approximately one-third of weight lost during rapid weight reduction may come from muscle tissue [3]. The speed of weight loss associated with GLP-1 medications may contribute to muscle loss concerns, however this phenomenon is not unique to GLP-1 treatment and is consistent with other weight loss interventions [4].
It's important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of GLP-1 medications on muscle quality and function, particularly in older adults or those with pre-existing conditions.
Who Should be More Aware Of Muscle Loss?
Certain groups may require additional monitoring and support during GLP-1 treatment [5]:
- Older adults
- Individuals with pre-existing sarcopenia
- Patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis
These demographics may be more susceptible to the adverse effects of muscle loss, and should work closely with your Mosh medical team to monitor and address potential muscle loss through appropriate diet and exercise strategies.
How to Preserve your Muscle while on GLP-1 Medication
It is recommended that patients on a GLP-1 journey combine the medication with evidence-based strategies such as strength training and high-protein diets to minimise muscle loss during GLP-1 treatment.
Things to Focus on For Your Diet [5][6]
- Make sure you maintain adequate protein intake - you can consider protein supplements to help your intake if needed
- Focus on balanced meals while your appetite is reduced
- Consider protein supplementation when necessary
Things to Focus on For Your Exercise
- Incorporating strength and resistance training can help preserve muscle mass during weight loss [5][6]
- Regular resistance/strength training is effective in slowing down muscle loss that happens during weight loss as a result of GLP-1 medications. It is recommended to engage in strength training at least twice a week for 30 minutes to preserve muscle mass, with even short 15-minute strength training circuits providing powerful effects [5] [7].